Memahami Supercompensation dalam Berolahraga

Thoriq Az Zuhri

Editor:

  • Supercompensation adalah sebuah teori dalam ilmu keolahragaan.
  • Hal ini berhubungan dengan level kebugaran tubuh dan bagaimana menjaganya.
  • Level kebugaran bisa dibilang terbagi menjadi empat.

SKOR.id - Dalam olahraga, ada yang dikenal dengan nama supercompensation. Apa sebenarnya hal tersebut?

Dalam teori ilmu keolahragaan, supercompensation adalah periode setelah latihan saat fungsi atau parameter yang dilatih memiliki kapasitas performa lebih tinggi daripada sebelum latihan.

Level kebugaran tubuh manusia dalam latihan bisa dibagi menjadi ke dalam empat periode: periode awal, latihan, recovery, lalu supercompensation.

Dalam periode awal, level kebugaran seseorang akan berada di angka standar.

Level kebugaran ini akan menurun saat tubuh menjalani periode selanjutnya: latihan.

 

Setelah latihan usai, tubuh akan memasuki periode recovery, tubuh akan sedikit demi sedikit kembali ke level kebugaran seperti awal.

Di sini kemudian muncul supercompensation.

Tubuh manusia adalah organisme yang selalu mencoba menyesuaikan diri.

Tubuh akan merasa perlu untuk meningkatkan level kebugaran, untuk mengantisipasi periode latihan selanjutnya, agar level kebugaran tak turun jauh.

Hal ini membuat tubuh meningkatkan level kebugaran mereka melebihi level kebugaran standar di awal sebelum latihan.

Periode ini disebut sopercompensation.

Jika dalam masa ini tak ada lagi latihan yang dilakukan, maka level kebugaran lama-lama akan kembali ke level kebugaran awal.

Teori supercompensation ini kali pertama dijabarkan oleh peneliti asal Rusia, Nikolai N. Yakovlev pada 1949-1959, dan hingga kini jadi prinsip dasar dalam latihan atletik.

Jika latihan selanjutnya dilakukan dalam masa recovery, maka mungkin akan terjadi overtraining alias kelebihan latihan.

Hal yang seharusnya dilakukan adalah latihan dilakukan dalam periode supercompensation, sehingga level kebugaran tubuh bisa terus meningkat.

Meski terlihat mudah, supercompensation bisa dibilang kompleks untuk menentukan waktu latihan, karena setiap bagian tubuh memiliki waktu recovery dan supercompensation yang berbeda-beda.

 

Ikuti juga InstagramFacebook, dan Twitter dari Skor Indonesia.

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