Mengenal Penyakit Autoimun, Penyebab, Gejala, dan Cara Mengobati

Hesti Puji Lestari

Editor:

  • Autoimun menjadi salah satu penyakit yang cukup berbahaya.
  • Akan tetapi, belum banyak orang yang tahu tentang penyakit ini, karena mereka yang terserang tidak memiliki tanda fisik yang jelas.
  • Inilah beberapa hal yang perlu Anda ketahui tentang penyakit autoimun.

SKOR.id - Autoimun menjadi salah satu penyakit yang belum banyak diketahui. Sebab penderita penyakit ini bisa jadi tanpa gejala fisik.

Dilansir dari Health Line, autoimun penyakit di mana imun yang seharusnya menjaga tubuh justru menyerang tubuh.

Ketika ada benda atau organisme asing masuk ke tubuh seseorang, sistem kekebalan tubuh akan melepas protein yang disebut antibodi untuk melawan dan mencegah penyakit.

Namun bagi mereka yang menderita penyakit autoimun, sel-sel tubuh yang sehat dipandang sebagai organisme asing oleh sistem kekebalan tubuh.

Hal ini megakibatkan antibodi yang dilepaskan sistem kekebalan tubuh menyerang sel-sel sehat tersebut.

Siapa yang Rentan Terkena

Belum ada penelitian yang menyebutkan secara pasti apa yang menjadi penyebab penyakit autoimun ini.

Meski demikian, ada beberapa orang yang lebih berisiko terkena penyakit ini ketimbang yang lain.

Menurut sebuah studi yang dilakukan pada 2014, jumlah perempuan yang terserang penyakit autoimun dua kali lebih banyak ketimbang laki-laki.

Bukan hanya soal gender, beberapa jenis penyakit autoimun juga sering terjadi pada kelompok etnis tertentu. 

Misalnya saja lupus yang diketahui lebih banyak menyerang orang Afrika-Amerika dan Hispanik daripada bule.

Selain itu, ada riwayat keluarga yang punya penyakit autoimun juga membuat seseorang riskan terjangkit penyakit ini.

Gejala penyakit autoimun

  • Sering merasa kelelahan
  • Otot pegal
  • Bengkak dan kemerahan
  • Demam ringan
  • Kesulitan berkonsentrasi
  • Mati rasa dan kesemutan di tangan dan kaki
  • Rambut rontok
  • Ruam kulit

Tindakan Selanjutnya

Jika Anda merasakan gelaja tersebut, satu-satunya yang harus Anda lakukan adalah menghubungi dokter agar lekas mendapat perawatan.

Tidak ada jenis tes tertentu yang bisa mengindikasikan seseorang menderita penyakit autoimun atau tidak.

Namun biasanya, The antinuclear antibody test (ANA) menjadi  salah satu tes pertama yang digunakan dokter bila gejala yang dialami pasien menunjukkan penyakit autoimun.

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Source: healthline.com

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